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The History of Dry Cleaning: From Ancient Oils to Eco-Friendly Solvents

The History of Dry Cleaning

Dry cleaning may seem like a modern convenience, but this specialized cleaning process actually has a fascinating history that stretches back thousands of years. Long before fancy machines and eco-friendly solvents, people were already experimenting with ways to clean delicate fabrics that couldn’t handle soap and water.

For context on the evolution of laundry in general, see How Laundry Started: From Rivers to Washing Machines.

Ancient Beginnings: Oils, Clay, and the First “Dry Cleaners”

The idea of cleaning without water isn’t new. Historians believe that as early as 79 AD, ancient civilizations were already practicing a form of dry cleaning. The Romans used natural oils combined with fuller’s earth, a type of clay that absorbed oils and dirt from clothing. Wealthy Romans would bring their garments to fullonicae — the ancient version of laundromats — where workers applied these oils and clay mixtures to clean fabrics gently.

The oils helped loosen grime and stains, while the clay absorbed dirt, leaving the garments cleaner without immersing them in water. This early technique was especially useful for delicate fabrics that could easily shrink, fade, or get damaged in water-based cleaning.

Though it may sound primitive today, this method was a major innovation at the time and laid the groundwork for the development of modern dry cleaning. For earlier laundry techniques, see Ancient Laundry: Soapwort, Ashes & Early Detergents.

19th Century Discovery: The Birth of Modern Dry Cleaning

Fast forward to the mid-1800s — the Industrial Revolution was in full swing, and new discoveries were changing how people lived and worked.

The concept of modern dry cleaning began by accident. A Frenchman named Jean Baptiste Jolly, who owned a textile dyeing shop, noticed that a tablecloth stained by kerosene looked cleaner after being accidentally spilled on. Intrigued, he began experimenting with different solvents and realized that certain chemicals could dissolve oils and stains without damaging fabric.

By 1855, Jolly opened the first commercial dry cleaning business in Paris, calling it “Teinturerie Jolly-Belin.” This marked the official birth of dry cleaning as we know it today.

For innovations in laundry technology of this era, see Industrial Revolution: Birth of Public Laundries.

Early Solvents and Safety Concerns

In the early days, dry cleaners used highly flammable solvents like gasoline, benzene, and turpentine. While effective, they were extremely dangerous and caused many fires and health issues.

By the early 1900s, a safer alternative emerged: perchloroethylene (or “perc”), which became the industry standard for most of the 20th century. Perc was non-flammable and cleaned fabrics effectively — but over time, environmental and health concerns began to grow.

The Eco-Friendly Turn: Modern Solvents and Sustainability

By the late 20th century, the dry cleaning industry began shifting toward safer, more sustainable cleaning methods. Water-based “wet cleaning,” liquid carbon dioxide, and silicone-based solvents were introduced as greener alternatives to perc.

Today, many modern dry cleaners — including Clean Avenue’s trusted partners — use eco-friendly dry cleaning systems designed to protect both garments and the environment. These systems not only reduce waste and harmful emissions but also extend the lifespan of your clothes by being gentler on fabrics.

According to recent research on the process of dry cleaning (see Wikipedia for an overview), modern professional systems prioritise fabric safety and environmental responsibility.

Dry Cleaning Today: Technology Meets Tradition

In today’s world, dry cleaning has evolved far beyond the traditional shop counter. Smart technology, automated machines, and pickup-and-delivery apps have made professional garment care more accessible than ever.

At Clean Avenue, we combine this long history of innovation with modern convenience. From delicate silks to leather jackets, our specialized dry cleaning services ensure that each item is handled with expert care — while prioritizing sustainability and fabric safety.

For modern laundry services and innovations, see The History of Clothes Dryers: From Sun-Drying to Smart Technology.

A Cleaner Future Ahead

From ancient Roman fullers using oils and clay to 21st-century eco-solvents, the history of dry cleaning is truly a story of progress and reinvention. What began as a practical solution for delicate fabrics has evolved into a science — balancing cleanliness, care, and environmental responsibility.

As technology continues to advance, dry cleaning will only get smarter, safer, and more sustainable. At Clean Avenue, we’re proud to be part of that continuing evolution — helping your garments look their best, the modern way.

FAQs

Q: What is dry cleaning?

A: Dry cleaning is a solvent-based cleaning method used to remove stains and oils from delicate fabrics without water.

Q: Is dry cleaning safe for all fabrics?

A: Many fabrics benefit from professional dry cleaning, but certain garments and leather/suede items require specialized processes; modern eco-solvents are gentler and safer.

Q: How has the history of dry cleaning changed modern cleaning practices?

A: The history of dry cleaning shows how solvents and techniques evolved, leading to safer, eco-friendly systems used by professional cleaners today.

Final Thoughts

Next time you drop off your clothes for dry cleaning, remember — you’re taking part in a tradition that’s been around for nearly 2,000 years. From ancient oils and clay to cutting-edge cleaning solutions, dry cleaning has continually evolved to protect both your garments and the environment.

If you’re in New York and want professional dry cleaning that saves you time and ensures the best care for your clothes, Clean Avenue Laundry is here for you.

Book your next pickup today at CleanAvenueNYC.com.